Accumulation and distribution of aluminium and other elements in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves

نویسنده

  • H. P. CARRa
چکیده

Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) are well known for their ability to accumulate high concentrations of aluminium (Al). Aluminium distribution in tea leaves has been previously estimated on a qualitative basis using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA). However, no comprehensive studies have been carried out to quantitatively determine the distribution of Al, especially in young leaves which are used for the manufacture of commercial tea. Cuttings of C. sinensis var. sinensis grown in acidic soil were collected and young and old leaves were used for analysis. Total Al concentrations in young and old leaves were 380 and 6866 μg·g–1, respectively. The leaves were freeze-fractured and the quantitative distribution of Al and other elements such as Mg, Ca and K was determined using EDXMA. In the young and old leaves Al was found to be preferentially accumulated in the upper epidermis. In particular, Al was accumulated in the cell walls, which had significantly higher levels than the vacuoles of epidermal cells. The Al concentrations in the vacuole of mesophyll cells was found not to change significantly between young and old leaves. In contrast, a large increase in Al concentration was observed in the epidermal cell walls. Calcium was present in higher levels on the cell walls and also present as crytals in the spongy mesophyll tissue. In contrast, K and Mg were evenly distributed across the leaf. aluminium / Camelia sinensis / tea / accumulation / EDXMA Résumé – Accumulation et distribution de l’aluminium et d’autres éléments minéraux dans les feuilles de thé (Camellia sinensis). Les plants de thé (Camellia sinensis) sont bien connus pour leur capacité à accumuler d’importantes quantités d’aluminium (Al). La distribution de l’Al dans les feuilles de thé a déjà été estimée de manière qualitative par le biais de la microanalyse par dispersion d’énergie de rayons X (EDXMA). Cependant, aucune analyse détaillée n’a été conduite pour déterminer la distribution quantitative d’Al plus particulièrement dans les jeunes feuilles qui sont celles utilisées dans l’industrie du thé commercial. Des boutures de C. sinensis var. sinensis cultivées dans des sols acides furent collectées et des feuilles jeunes et âgées furent utilisées pour l’analyse. Les concentrations en Al total dans les feuilles jeunes et âgées étaient de 380 et 6866 μg·g–1 respectivement. Les feuilles ont été congelées et fractionnées et la distribution quantitative d’Al et d’autres éléments tels que Mg, Ca, et K fut déterminée en utilisant une EDXMA. Dans les feuilles jeunes et âgées, on a observé que l’Al s’accumulait préférentiellement dans les épidermes supérieurs. En particulier, l’Al s’accumulait dans les parois cellulaires, qui avaient des concentrations significativement plus fortes que les vacuoles des cellules épidermiques. On a observé que des concentrations en Al dans les vacuoles des cellules du mésophylle ne changeaient pas significativement entre les feuilles jeunes et âgées. Par contre, une augmentation importante de la concentration en Al fut observée dans les parois des cellules épidermiques. Du calcium était présent en grande quantité sur les parois cellulaires ainsi que sous forme de cristaux dans le tissu du mésophylle spongieux. En revanche, le K et le Mg étaient uniformément distribués dans la feuille. aluminium / Camelia sinensis / thé / accumulation / EDXMA

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تاریخ انتشار 2003